Overview of Big Lizards in Georgia
Large lizards in Georgia are most often associated with two green anoles and one nonnative newcomer. Georgia’s native large lizards are relatively few, and most residents are more likely to encounter introduced species in urban and suburban areas.
Native and Introduced Species Overview
Native Lizards in Georgia
Georgia’s native lizards are generally smaller and less conspicuous. The eastern fence lizard is common, but rarely exceeds 6 inches in body length. Green anoles are native and frequently seen on trees and fences, though they are slender and not extremely large. Few truly large native lizards inhabit Georgia, and most notable large sightings involve introduced species.
Nonnative and Notable Large Lizards
Nonnative species such as the green iguana and the Argentine black and white tegu are established in parts of Georgia, especially in warmer regions. These species are large, sometimes growing several feet long. Tegus are particularly notable for their size and adaptability, while iguanas are common in coastal and southern areas.
Green Iguana Profile
Identification and Size
Green iguanas can exceed 6 feet in total length, including the tail. They have a distinctive row of spines along the back and a pronounced dewlap. Coloration ranges from bright green to grayish tones, and they are often seen in trees overhanging water.
Range and Habitat in Georgia
Green iguanas are primarily found in the coastal and southern counties of Georgia. They thrive in warm, humid environments and are often observed basking on structures or foraging in vegetation. Cold snaps can limit their northward spread.
Behavior and Diet
Green iguanas are largely herbivorous, feeding on leaves, flowers, and fruits. They are excellent swimmers and can remain submerged for extended periods. When threatened, they may retreat into water or drop from trees to escape.
Tegu Profile
Identification and Size
Tegus, particularly the Argentine black and white tegu, can grow up to 4 feet in length. They have a robust build, powerful jaws, and a mottled black and white pattern that fades with age. Juveniles are more vividly marked than adults.
Range and Habitat in Georgia
Tegus have established populations in parts of southern Georgia, especially in counties with suitable habitat. They are adaptable, occupying forests, fields, and suburban areas. Their burrowing behavior can cause damage to structures and landscaping.
Behavior and Diet
Tegus are omnivorous and opportunistic, eating fruits, eggs, small vertebrates, and invertebrates. They are known to raid nests and gardens. During cooler months, they may brumate in burrows, becoming less active but not truly hibernating.
Native Lizards of Note
Eastern Fence Lizard
The eastern fence lizard is a common native species in Georgia. Adults typically reach 5 to 7 inches in total length. They are gray or brown with keeled scales and often display blue patches on the belly during spring and summer.
Green Anole
Green anoles are slender lizards with a modest size, usually under 8 inches in total length. Males have a pinkish throat fan, while females have a lighter neck patch. They are agile climbers commonly found in gardens and wooded areas.
Safety, Interaction, and Best Practices
Most large lizards in Georgia are not aggressive but will defend themselves if cornered. Green iguanas can deliver a painful bite and use their tails as whips. Tegus have strong jaws and can bite firmly. Observe from a distance and avoid handling these animals. If a lizard becomes a nuisance, contact local animal control or a licensed wildlife professional for safe removal.
Quick Comparison of Notable Large Lizards in Georgia
| Attribute | Green Iguana | Argentine Black and White Tegu | Eastern Fence Lizard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum Size | Over 6 feet total length | Up to 4 feet total length | Up to 10 inches total length |
| Native Status | Introduced (nonnative) | Introduced (nonnative) | Native |
| Primary Diet | Herbivorous (foliage, fruits) | Omnivorous (fruits, eggs, vertebrates) | Insectivorous (insects and spiders) |
| Typical Habitat | Tropical and subtropical areas, trees, coastal sites | Forests, fields, suburban areas, burrows | Fields, forests, suburban yards, fences |
| Winter Behavior | Cold-stunned or displaced during freezes | Brumates in burrows | Reduces activity, seeks shelter |
What to Do If You Encounter a Large Lizard
Keep a safe distance and do not attempt to capture or handle the animal. Note the location and, if the lizard is causing property damage or poses a safety concern, report it to local authorities or a wildlife management professional. Preventing access to food sources and sealing entry points can reduce attractants around homes.
Conclusion
While Georgia’s native large lizards are limited, introduced species such as green iguanas and tegus are increasingly encountered. Understanding how to identify these animals, their behavior, and appropriate safety measures helps residents coexist. When in doubt, consult professional wildlife services for humane and effective management.